Fig. 1

S1g-2 and S1 modulate a variety of stress-induced autophagy in opposite ways. A Chemical structures of S1g-2, S1, S1n, S1g-2-probe, S1-probe and S1n-probe. B Western blot analysis of the levels of LC3 and p62 in HEK293T cells treated with 0.5 mM H₂O₂, 34 μM VP-16 or HBSS in the presence or absence of 10 μM S1g-2, 10 μM S1 and 10 μM S1n respectively for 4 h, using β-actin as a loading control. An equivalent of DMSO were added to the compound untreated group as vehicle control. The graphs show (mean ± SD, n = 3 biologically independent experiments) LC3-II/LC3-I ratios of each treatment normalized to the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio of control cells. **P < 0.01 (one-way ANOVA test); n.s. indicates no significance between HBSS + S1n and HBSS group