Fig. 1
Results of the first round of primer and amplicon region screening. A1, B1 Primer screening results for plasmids of HPV type 16 at concentrations of 107 copies/μL and 105 copies/μL, respectively. A2, B2 Primer screening results for plasmids of HPV type 18 at concentrations of 107 copies/μL and 105 copies/μL, respectively. P1–P6: Primer combinations HF3/HR4, HF3/HR5, HF4/HR4, HF4/HR5, HF5/HR4, HF5/HR5. N Negative control. As the exact lengths of the amplicon bands are not yet determined, a separate positive control for this section has not been individually included. The positive results from P1 to P6 can serve as inherent positive controls for this experiment. Gel electrophoresis results indicate that among all designed primer combinations, only the HF5/HR4 combination exhibits higher sensitivity for the amplification of HPV types 16 and 18