Fig. 5
Gel electrophoresis results before and after the addition of betaine in the multiple RPA system. a–f Gel electrophoresis results of the multiple RPA system amplifying plasmids of HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, and 45 at different concentrations before and after the addition of betaine. C1–C5: Plasmid concentrations of 104 copies/μL, 103 copies/μL, 102 copies/μL, 10 copies/μL, and 1 copy/μL respectively. N negative control. Sensitivity for HPV types 16 and 18 reaches 10 copies/μL both before and after the addition of betaine, with brighter bands observed after addition. Sensitivity for HPV types 31, 33, and 35 reaches 1 copy/μL both before and after the addition of betaine, with brighter bands observed after addition. Sensitivity for HPV type 45 surpasses 102 copies/μL after the addition of betaine, reaching 10 copies/μL