Fig. 4

P110 reduced mitochondrial dysfunction in the ATP depletion model and enhanced cellular vitality A Representative images of cell morphology, DAPI staining of cell nuclei, PI staining and Merge. Scale bar = 100 μm. B Percentage of cell death assessed morphologically. C, D Representative images and quantification of JC-1 staining showing red fluorescence of JC-1 aggregate and green signal of monomer. E, F mPTCs were incubated with 5 μM CellROX Deep Red reagent for 30 min. ROS generation was visualized by fluorescence microscopy. G, H Representative Immunoblot and quantitative analysis of Cleaved-caspase3.β-actin was used as a loading control. I Measurement of the mitochondrial oxygen consumption ratio (OCR) of mPTCs cells treated with ATP depletion for 3 h compared to control cells (n = 10 cultures per treatment group). Maximal OCR were mentioned. Quantitative data are expressed as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05 versus respective Control group; ^#P < 0.05 versus ATP-DR group