Fig. 3

Hepatic GSTM1 knockdown deteriorates alcohol-induced oxidative damage, inflammation, and early fibrosis-like alterations in liver. A Liver MDA content. B Liver TNF-α, Il-1β, Il-6, and Mcp-1 mRNA expression. C Immunofluorescent labeling with F4/80⁺ (green) and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (blue) is shown. D Liver Col1a1 and α-sma mRNA expression. E Representative liver Sirius Red staining images are shown. Data are presented as means ± SD. Statistical comparisons were made using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test or one Student’s t-test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 versus corresponding control. PF pair-fed, AF alcohol-fed. A–E (n = 6)