Fig. 5
Effect of asiaticoside on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in TGF-β1-treated HPMCs. Notes: HPMCs were divided into a vehicle group, an asiaticoside group (treated with 150 μM asiaticoside), a TGF-β1 group (treated with 10 ng/cm3 TGF-β1), a TGF-β1 + asiaticoside group (treated with 150 μM asiaticoside + 10 ng/cm3 TGF-β1), an NAC group (treated with 5 mM NAC), an NAC + TGF-β1 group (pretreated with NAC at 5 mM 2 h prior to 10 ng/cm3 TGF-β1), a LY2109761 group (treated with 4 μM LY2109761), and a LY2109761 + TGF-β1 group (pretreated with LY2109761 at 4 μM 1 h prior to 10 ng/cm3 TGF-β1). After incubation for 24 h, DCFH-DA fluorescence in cultured cells was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy (scale bar = 50 μm). Quantitative measurements of the fluorescence intensities were conducted using ImageJ software. Abbreviations: AS, asiaticoside; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1; DCFH-DA, 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate; NAC, n-acetylcysteine; LY2109761, TGF-β receptor kinase inhibitor