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Table 1 Overview of non-K48/K63-linked ubiquitination

From: Beyond K48 and K63: non-canonical protein ubiquitination

Process/effect

Ub linkage(s)

USP/DUB

E2(s)

E3(s)

Substrate(s)

Mitophagy

K6/K11/K48/K63

USP30

 

Parkin

[12] [14]

Mitophagy

K6

USP30

  

TOM20 [19]

DDR

K6

  

BRCA1-BARD1

BRCA1-BARD1 [21]

DDR

K6

  

BRCA1-BARD1

[22]

DDR

K6

  

RNF8

Nbs1 [26]

DDR

K6/K48/K63

  

HUWE1

Chk1 [25]

Many

K6

  

HUWE1

VCP [24, 27]

D/S

K6

  

HUWE1

Mfn2 [27]

n.d

K6/K11/K48/K63

 

UBCH7/UBE2L3

RNF144A, RNF144B

[27]

D/S

K6

  

MGRN1

α-Tubulin [31, 32]

D/S

K6/K11

  

CBLC

EGFR [33]

D/S

K6

  

HUWE1

Ubl4A [28]

D/S

K6

  

UBE4A

Viperin [29]

DNA binding

K6/K11/K29

OTUD1

  

IRF3 [36]

DDR

K11

 

UBE2S

RNF8

H2A/H2AX [37]

D/S

K11

 

UBE2F

SAG-CUL5

NOXA [54]

D/S

K11

 

UBE2S

SAG/RBX2

β-TrCP1 [55]

D/S

K11

 

UBE2S

 

β-Catenin [60]

D/S

K11/ K29

  

EDD

β-Catenin [59]

D/S

K11

 

UBE2S

 

SOX [56]

PPI

K11

 

UBCH5

c-IAP1

RIP1 [58]

D/S

K11

 

UbcD1

Cul1-Slimb

Ci [51, 57]

D/S

K11

 

UBE2S, UBCH10

APC/C

Nek2A [40]; Bard1, Hmmr, HURP, NuSAP [42, 43, 45]

D/S

K11

Cezanne

UBE2S

APC/C

Cyclin B, Securin [69]

D/S

K11

Cezanne

  

HIF1α [70]

D/S

K11

Cezanne

  

E2F1 [71]

D/S

K11

USP19

  

HIF1α [147]

Innate immunity

K11

USP19

  

Beclin-1 [62]

D/S

K11

USP8

  

Caspase-1 [64]

D/S

K11

USP8

  

SQSTM1 [65]

Innate immunity

K11

  

RNF26

STING [52]

D/S

K11/K48

  

UBR5

TIP60 [49]

D/S

K11/K48

RAD6

 

KCMF1-UBR4

[48]

D/S

K11/K48

  

SKP1-Cullin-Fbx21

Ci [51]

Plant development/ stress response

K11

UBC22

  

[75, 75]

PPI

K27

  

RNF168

H2A [111]

D/S

K27

  

fbxo3

IRF3, IRF7 [83]

PPI

K27

PSMD14

  

IRF3 [84]

Innate immunity

K27

  

AMFR

STING [85]

Innate immunity

K27

USP13, USP21

  

STING [87, 88]

Innate immunity

K27

  

RNF185

cGAS [86]

Innate immunity

K27

USP19

  

TAK1 [93]

Protein activation

K27

  

ITCH

BRAF [96]

Localization

K27

  

ITCH

TIEG1 [97]

D/S

K27/K6

  

NEDD4

Beclin-1 [98]

PPI

K27/K48

  

HACE1

Optineurin [99]

PPI

K27

  

HACE1

YB-1 [101]

Innate immunity

K27

  

TRIM23

NEMO [104]

Innate immunity

K27

   

Rhbdd3, NEMO [105]

Autophagy

K27

  

TRIM23

TRIM23 [102]

Innate immunity

K27

  

TRIM26

TRIM26 [103]

Protein activity

K27, K27/K29

  

Hectd3

Hectd3

Stat3, Malt1 [106]

Innate immunity

K27

  

TRIM40

RIG-I, MDA5 [107]

Innate immunity

K27

  

MARCH8

MAVS [108]

Innate immunity

K27

  

TRIM21

MAVS [109]

PPI

K27

   

NS3 [89]

D/S

K27

  

RNF114

NS4B [90]

Nsp12 [91]

Protein activity

K27

  

TRIM62

CARD9 [112]

Aggregation

K27/K29

  

WSB1

LRRK2 [115]

Aggregation

K29/K6/K27

  

TRAF6

HTT [116]

Protein activity

K29

  

Trim13

TRAF6 [117]

PPI

K29, K29/K33

  

Smurf1

Smurf1

Axin [120]

UVRAG [121]

Innate immunity

K29

  

SKP1-Cullin-Fbx21

ASK1 [123]

Autophagy

K27/K29

  

RNF34

MAVS [113]

D/S

K29/K48

 

Ubc4p

Ufd4p

[124]

D/S

K29

  

ITCH/AIP4

DTX [125]

Protein activity

K29

 

UBE3C

 

Rpn13 [126]

Protein activity

K29/K33

USP9X

  

ARK5/NUAK1, MARK4 [127]

Signaling

K33

  

Cbl-b, Itch

TCR-ζ [131]

Innate immunity

K33

USP38

  

TBK1 [132]

Innate immunity

K33

  

RNF2

STAT1 [133]

 

K33

  

RNF152

RagA [130]

Trafficking

K33

  

KLHL20

Coronin7 [135]

D/S

K33

  

LZTR1

RAS [138]

Localization

K33

   

LC3B, SQSTM1 [136]

Autophagy

K29, K33

ZRANB1

 

RNF166

SQSTM1 [128, 129] [137]

  1. D/S protein degradation or stabilization, n.d. not determined, PPI protein–protein interactions