Table 1 Incidence and risk factors for burn-induced HO (BIHO) reported in large scale burn centers within the past decade
Reference | Dataset of the study | Total simple size | Number of patients with BIHO | Incidence of BIHO (%) | Age of patients with BIHO (years) | Male (%) of patients with BIHO | Burn %TBSA | Location with frequency of BIHO | Time to incidence of BIHO | Factors associated with BIHO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Levi et al. [21] | Six burn centers in America | 2797 | 98 | 3.5 | 41.25 | 81 (83.0) | 47 | NA | NA | 1. Arm burns requiring skin grafts (OR = 96.4a) 2. Burn greater than 30% TBSA (OR = 11.5a) 3. Number of trips to operating room (OR = 1.32a) 4. Number of days on ventilator (OR = 1.034a) |
Thefenne et al. [23] | Single burn center in France | 805 | 32 | 4.0 | 47 | 20 (62.5) | 48.5 | Elbow (50%)Shoulder (20.3%)Hip (17.6%) Knee (10.8%) Wrist (1.3%) | NA | 1. Use of fluidized bed (OR = 39.6a) 2. Curare use (OR = 24.1a) 3. Pulmonary infection (OR = 21.5a) 4. Cutaneous infection (OR = 7.5a) 5. Length of stay in the burns ICU (OR = 1.1a) 6. Mean total burn area (OR = 1.1a) 7. Mean depth of burns (OR = 1.1a) |
Orchard et al. [24] | Single burn center in Australia | 337 | 19 | 5.6 | 43 | 16 (84.2) | 46 | Elbow (89%) Knee and shoulder (less common). | Clinical: 37 (30–40) days Radiological: 49 (38–118) days | 1. A greater % TBSA 2. Inhalation injury 3. Use of mechanical ventilation 4. Number of surgical procedures 5. Sepsis 6. Longer time to active movement (OR = 1.48a) |