Fig. 4
AAN-II and TGF-β present synergistic effects on ulcer healing in model animals. A Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to determine the skin pathological changes and immunohistochemical staining with anti-vimentin antibody was performed in the three ulcer groups respectively treated with AAN-II, TGF-β and a combination of AAN-II and TGF-β. Representative fields are shown. B Ulcer area (cm2) was calculated on days 7 and 14 and values are expressed as means ± SEM. *p < 0.05 compared with the AAN-II group. C Percentage of ulcer healed was added up on days 7 and 14 and values are expressed as means ± SEM. *p < 0.05 compared with the AAN-II group. D The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-4 were determined using ELISA kits. Values are expressed as means ± SEM. *p < 0.05