Fig. 5From: Advances in the application of mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, biomimetic materials, and 3D printing in osteoporosis treatmentThe navigation template of vertebral pedicle screws in an intraoperative three-dimensional image of the spine a The sagittal plane which indicates the relative locations of simulative screws in two adjacent vertebrae b The transverse plane which simulates the approach and depth of screws in the same vertebraBack to article page