Table 4 Comparison between MSC and exosome transplantation in osteoporosis treatment
Therapies characteristic | MSC transplantation | Exosome transplantation |
|---|---|---|
Sources | Various tissues and organs | Mostly all cell types, including MSCs |
Features | Self-renewal ability and multiple differentiation potential | Ability to regulate the microenvironment (transcriptional factors, signaling pathways, etc.) |
Immunological rejection | Little | None |
Isolation and purification | Easy (high sample volumes) | Costly and time-consuming (low purity) |
Operation difficulty | Normal | Complex |