Table 1 Characteristics of participants and rats in control (con) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) groups

Human

Male (%)

53%

70%

0.7160

Age (years)

52.38 ± 15.06

53.82 ± 9.23

0.7475

BMI (kg/m²)

25.34 ± 2.96

24.61 ± 2.65

0.4789

SBP (mmHg)

140.8 ± 17.68

148.1 ± 23

0.3362

DBP (mmHg)

77.5 ± 8.94

80.56 ± 14.79

0.4978

FBG (mmol/L)

5.42 ± 1.19

10.43 ± 5.14

 < 0.001

CREA (umol/L)

88.76 ± 32.45

193.7 ± 105.3

 < 0.001

CCr (mL/min)

103.1 ± 31.04

54.75 ± 25.93

 < 0.0001

24hUTP (mg)

353.8 ± 134.58

2415 ± 1662.56

 < 0.0001

UA (umol/L)

309.9 ± 76.07

421.1 ± 42.58

 < 0.0001

TP (g/L)

72.3 ± 8.51

60.5 ± 7.83

 < 0.0001

Rats

FBG (mmol/L)

5.5 ± 0.6

23.6 ± 4.2

 < 0.0001

CREA (umol/L)

21.4 ± 4.3

45.6 ± 9.7

 < 0.0001

BUN (mmol/L)

2.5 ± 0.5

6.8 ± 0.9

 < 0.0001

24hUTP (mg)

45.6 ± 6.1

320.5 ± 68.3

 < 0.0001