Fig. 7

Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis and indicated gene verification in SMGCs. A The significantly upregulated (384) and downregulated (76) DEGs induced by Ad-BMP9 in iSMGCs. The significantly DEG (red and green dots) with two or more fold changes in expression and P < 0.05. B KEGG enrichment signaling pathway, where 1–20 represent: PI-3K-Akt signaling pathway, human papillomavirus infection, ras signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, axon guidance, cell adhesion molecular (CAMs), hippo signaling pathway, gastric cancer, retinol metabolism, rheumatoid arthritis, hematopoietic cell line, melanoma, synaptic vesicle cycle, glutathione metabolism, ECM–receptor interaction, PPAR signaling pathway, mineral absorption, fatty acid degradation, collection duct acid secretion, and glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-globo and isoglobo series. C 509 metabolism-related genes coexpressed between SMG and iSMGCs. D The expression of Pparγ-2 was increased upon Ad-BMP9 induction. E The upregulated expression levels of Id1, Smad5, and Smad8 were confirmed using RT-qPCR, demonstrating the activity of BMP9. BMP9 stimulated Ctgf and Snai1 expression in iSLGCs. All experiments were repeated at least three times. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001