Fig. 3From: Protective effects of dexmedetomidine in vital organ injury: crucial roles of autophagyMechanisms of autophagy in kidney- and lung-protective effects of DEX. MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase, AMPK adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, HIF-1α hypoxia inducible factor-1α, BNIP3 B cell lymphoma 2 interacting protein 3, TLR4 toll-like receptor 4, ERK extracellular signal regulated kinasesBack to article page