CRISPR/Cas9 application in cancer therapy: a pioneering genome editing tool

Shojaei Baghini, Sadegh; Gardanova, Zhanna R.; Abadi, Saeme Azizi Hassan; Zaman, Burhan Abdullah; İlhan, Ahmet; Shomali, Navid; Adili, Ali; Moghaddar, Roozbeh; Yaseri, Amirhossein Fakhre

doi:10.1186/s11658-022-00336-6

Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters

Table 3 CRISPR/Cas9 applications in cancer treatment

From: CRISPR/Cas9 application in cancer therapy: a pioneering genome editing tool

Cancer	Target gene	KO/KI	Cell line/animal	Delivery method	Result	Ref.
HCC	NSD1	KO	Huh7, Hep3B, SMMC-7721, HepG2, and SK-Hep1 cell lines Mice	Lentivirus	Inhibition of tumor progress by downregulation of NSD1/H3/Wnt10b signaling pathway	[98]
HCC	PHGDH	KO	MHCC97L cell line	Lentivirus	Induction of tumor cell death by improving ROS level	[114]
HCC	LIN28B-AS1	KO	HepG2 cell line Mice	Lipofectamine 2000	Attenuation of tumor growth	[106]
HCC	G9a	KO	HepG2, Hep3B, SMMC-7721, BEL7402, and MHCC97L cell lines Mice	Lentivirus	Suppression of cell proliferation and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo	[297]
HCC	HBsAg	KO	LC/PRF/5, HepG2‐2.15, Hep3B, SK‐hep1, HLF, and Huh‐7 Mice	Lentivirus	Reducing HBsAg expression and inhibiting cell proliferation and tumorigenicity	[298]
HCC	ANGPT2	KO	Hep3B, SNU182, SNU387, and Li7 cell lines Mice	Lentivirus	Reduced angiogenesis	[109]
CRC	CCAT1	KO	HT-29 and SW-480	Plasmid (pX459, pX460-1, pX461-1)	Lowering the anchorage-independent growth	[115]
CRC	MUC5AC	KO	HCT-8 and LS174T cell lines Mice	Lipofectamine 2000	Reducing tumorigenesis and chemoresistance by targeting CD44/β-catenin/p53/p21 signaling	[121]
CRC	DACH1	KO	HCT116 and SW620 cell lines	Lentivirus	Decreasing organoid formation and size	[127]
CRC	Par3L	KO	CaCO-2 cell lines	Plasmid	Attenuation of proliferation and increasing cell apoptosis by caspase-3 activation Enhanced susceptibility to chemotherapy and radiotherapy	[123]
CRC	LSD1	KO	T29, SW480, HCT116, LoVo, and RKO cell lines	Lentivirus	Inhibition of Akt-mediated EMT and migration	[129]
CRC	PP2A	KO	HCT-116 and HT-29 lines Mice	Lentivirus	Inducing AMPK signaling to avert cell proliferation	[299]
BC	FASN	KO	MCF-7 cell line	Plasmid (px459)	Reducing cell proliferation, migration, and viability	[140]
BC	miR-23b and miR-27b	KO	MCF-7 cell line Mice	Lentivirus	Impaired tumor growth	[300]
CRC BC	GPVI	KO	MC38 and MC38-CEA colon and AT3 and E0771 breast cancer cell lines Mice	Lentivirus	Inhibition of tumor metastasis	[144]
BC	Osteopontin	KO	MDA-MB-231 cell line	Lentivirus	Eliciting significant radiosensitivity	[151]
BC	FUT8	KO	MCF-10A, MDA-MB-231, Hs578T, and T-47D cell lines Mice	Plasmid	Inhibition of invasive ability of cancer cell	[146]
BC	RLIP	KO	MCF7, MCF-10A, and MDA-MB231 cell line	Lentivirus	Hindrance of cell proliferation	[301]
BC	DCLK1	KO	BT474 and T47D cell lines	Lentivirus	Inhibition of cell metastasis	[148]
BC	PTPN23	KO	BT474, Cal51, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468 cell lines	Lentivirus	Reduced tumor outgrowth	[302]
BC	CDK8	KO	MCF7 and BT474 cell lines	Lentivirus	Suppression of ER-positive breast cancer cell proliferation	[303]
Cervical cancer	AKR1B1	KO	HeLa cell line	Lentivirus	Inhibition of cancer cell growth	[159]
Cervical cancer	CD109	KO	C33A, C4-1, CaSki, and SiHa cell lines	Lipofectamine	Negative regulation of cancer cell migration and proliferation by downregulation of EGFR-mediated STAT3	[161]
Cervical cancer	IER5	KO	Siha and Hela cell lines	Lentivirus	Eliciting radiosensitivity	[304]
Cervical cancer	Myostatin	KO	HeLa cell line	Lentivirus	Induction of apoptosis, ROS generation, and promoting fatty acid oxidation	[164]
SCLC	MYCN	KO	Mice	Lentivirus	Reducing chemoresistance by constraining USP7 activity	[174]
NSCLC	YES1	KO	H1792, H2009, and A549 cell lines Mice	Lentivirus	Inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis by suppression of mTOR	[168]
Various cancers	PRMT5	KO	H2171, A549, MiaPaCa2, A172, and MCF-7 cell lines	Lentivirus	Enhancing cell susceptibility to PRMT5 inhibition	[305]
NSCLC	FRK	KO	H292, H460, and H446 cell lines Mice	Lentivirus	Reducing cell proliferation, invasion, colony formation, and EMT process	[171]
GC	PDEF	KO	AGS cell line	Plasmid (pX459)	Inhibition of cell migration and invasion	[211]
GC	METTL3	KO	AGS cell line	Lipofectamine	Inhibition of cell proliferation	[306]
GC	BCAM	KO	BGC-823 and SGC-7901 cell lines	Lipofectamine	Inhibition of cell invasion and metastasis	[307]
Pancreatic cancer	HIF-1α	KO	BxPC-3 cell lines	Plasmids	Inhibition of metastasis by downregulation of VEGF and MMP-9	[184]
Pancreatic cancer	ATG12	KO	MIA PaCa-2 and AR42J cell lines	Plasmid (pX458)	Inhibition of pancreatitis-induced autophagy	[186]
Various cancers	EI24	KO	MIA PaCa-2, Panc-1, HeLa, and U2OS cell lines	Lentivirus	Diminished autophagy	[187]
PDAC	MUC16	KO	Capan-1 and Colo-357 cell lines	Retrovirus	Reducing tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens	[308]
Various cancers	FOs	KO	A673, RD-ES, and U2OS cell lines mICE	Lentivirus	Lowering tumor burden/mortality	[192]
Neuroblastoma	MYCN	KO	Various cell lines Mice	Lentivirus	Deterring neuroblastoma growth	[309]
EC	ETV4	KO	T-47D cell line Mice	Plasmid	Reduced tumor cell growth	[310]
EC	PTEN	KO	Ishikawa, AN3CA, Nou-1, Hec-108, and Hec-1A cell lines Mice	Lentivirus	Reduced tumor cell growth	[311]
NPC	SRPK1 and SRPK2	KO	CNE1 cell line	Plasmid	–	[312]
Melanoma	CDK2	KO	A375 cell line	Lentivirus	Induction of G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis	[313]
EOC	BMI1	KO	SKOV3 cell line Mice	Plasmid (pX330)	Inhibition of tumor cell growth and metastasis, promoting cell apoptosis, and enhancing platinum sensitivity	[314]
Bladder cancer	UCA1	KO	5637 and T24 cell lines Mice	Plasmid	Robust suppression of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion	[315]
ATC	EGFR	KO	SW579 cell line	Plasmid	Inducing cell cycle arrest, inhibition of cell growth, and metastasis	[316]
Prostate cancer	GPRC6A	KO	PC-3, DU145, LNCap, and 22Rv1 cell lines Mice	Lentivirus	Impaired tumorigenesis	[195]
Prostate cancer	BRCA2	KO	LNCaP, DU145, 22RV1, and TRAMP-C2 cell lines Mice	Lentivirus	Antiproliferative effects	[196]
Prostate cancer	Akt1/2	KO	CWR22Rv1 cell line Mice	Plasmid (px300)	Suppressed metastasis	[197]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), colorectal cancer (CRC), breast cancer (BC), small cell lung cancer (SCLC), non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), endometrial cancer (EC), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), nuclear receptor binding SET domain-containing protein 1 (NSD1), phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT-2), colon cancer associated transcript 1 (CCAT1), mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), Dachshund homolog 1 (DACH1), partitioning defective 3-like protein (Par3L), lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), fatty acid synthase (FASN), glycoprotein VI (GPVI), fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8), Ral-interacting protein (RLIP), Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1), protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 23 (PTPN23), cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8), aldo–keto reductase family 1, member B1 (AKR1B1), immediate-early response 5 (IER5), protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), Fyn-related Src family tyrosine kinase (FRK), prostate-derived ETS factor (PDEF), methyltransferase 3, N⁶-adenosine methyltransferase complex catalytic subunit (METTL3), basal cell adhesion molecule (BCAM), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1, autophagy related 12 (ATG12), mucin 16 (MUC16), ETS variant transcription factor 4 (ETV4), phosphatase and TENsin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), serine/arginine-rich protein-specific kinase (SRPK) 1/2, cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), urothelial cancer associated 1 (UCA1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), G protein-coupled receptor family C group 6 member A (GPRC6A), knockout (KO), knock-in (KI), reactive oxygen species (ROS), epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), estrogen receptor (ER), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)

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