Fig. 1

HER2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling are two essential pathways with essential roles in the progression of breast cancer cells. HER2 signaling exerts its function via dimerization and thereby activation of various other pathways, such as PI3K/AKT, leading to EMT migration and, thus, cancer progression. The function of TGFβ can culminate in cytostasis and prevent cancer progression. Even though it can enhance phosphorylation as S208 of SMAD3, it amplifies the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to promote breast cancer. In addition, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway can act as a breast cancer promoter and exacerbate the disease by entering β-catenin into the nucleus and affecting TCF/LEF