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Table 1 The target genes and effectiveness of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in overcoming drug resistance

From: CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing: a new approach for overcoming drug resistance in cancer

Drug

CRISPR/Cas9-targeted gene

Type of cancer cell

Total effect

References

Doxorubicin

ABCB1

Epidermoid carcinoma and colorectal cancer

Accumulation of drug in the cancer cells and increasing chemosensitivity

[81]

Doxorubicin

MDR1

Breast cancer

Accumulation and uptake of drug in the cells and increasing the cytotoxicity of drug

[82]

Doxorubicin

ABCB1

Ovarian cancer

Increasing chemosensitivity

[83]

Doxorubicin

ABCB1

Osteosarcoma

Decreasing doxorubicin resistance

[84]

Cisplatin and oxaliplatin

GSTO1

Colorectal cancer

Increasing the cytotoxicity of drugs

[85]

Palbociclib

CDK6

Breast cancer

Increasing cancer cell sensitivity to anticancer drug and reducing cancer cell survival

[89]

Doxorubicin, gemcitabine, and docetaxel

PARP1

Triple-negative breast cancer

Increasing chemosensitivity and the inhibition of cancer cell growth

[96, 97]

Temozolomide

RECQL4

Glioma

Increasing DNA damage and apoptotic markers

[98]

Cetuximab

KRAS

Colorectal cancer

Increasing apoptosis induction and reducing tumor size

[106]

Doxorubicin

TP53

Osteosarcoma

Reducing anti-apoptotic proteins

[110]

Sunitinib

EGFR

Renal cancer

Reducing cancer cell proliferation

[115]

5-FU, cisplatin, docetaxel, and doxorubicin

uPAR

HCT8/T and KBV200

Reducing IC50 and attenuating drug resistance

[119]

Gemcitabine

MUC4

Pancreatic cancer

Increasing chemosensitivity

[122]

Etoposide

TOP2α/90↓

TOP2α/170↑

Etoposide-resistant leukemia cells

Increasing chemosensitivity

[125]

Imatinib

BCR/ABL

Chronic myeloid leukemia

Reducing cell proliferation and increasing apoptosis in resistant cells

[126]

Cisplatin

RUNX1

Ovarian cancer

Increasing chemosensitivity

[128]

Colchicine and paclitaxel

PI3K-110α and PI3K-110β (Pik3ca and Pik3cb)

Epidermoid carcinoma and lung cancer

Increasing chemosensitivity

[131]

Cisplatin, vinorelbine, and carboplatin

NFE2L2

Lung cancer

Increasing chemosensitivity

[134]

Doxorubicin and paclitaxel

PDL-1

Osteosarcoma

Reducing IC50 and increasing chemosensitivity

[133]

Docetaxel

NANOG1 and NANOGP8

Prostate cancer

Increasing chemosensitivity

[135]

Doxorubicin

CD44

Osteosarcoma

Reducing ABCB1 expression and increasing chemosensitivity

[140]

Sorafenib and 5-FU

CD44

Hepatocellular carcinoma

increasing chemosensitivity

[141]

Cisplatin

miR-371/372/373/373 cluster

Oral carcinoma

Induction of apoptotic effect of drug and increasing chemosensitivity

[143]

Paclitaxel

miR-21

Ovarian cancer

Increasing chemosensitivity

Attenuating EMT

[144]

Doxorubicin and paclitaxel

lncRNA MALAT1

Triple-negative breast cancer

Increasing chemosensitivity

[145]

Cisplatin

HPV16 E6/E7

Cervical cancer cells and xenograft mouse models

Inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell growth as well as reducing cell proliferation

[149, 150]