Fig. 3From: Aging of mesenchymal stem cell: machinery, markers, and strategies of fightingThe major intracellular signaling pathways in cellular senescence and differentiation of MSCs. AMPK, sirtuins, Nrf2, and Hedgehog work as promoters for MSC immortalization and osteogenic differentiation (green); however, ROS, mTOR, and IGF1 are considered as inducers of MSC aging and adipogenic differentiation (red). Activate ( ), inhibit ( )Back to article page