Fig. 3
From: The current landscape of microRNAs (miRNAs) in bacterial pneumonia: opportunities and challenges
The interactions between the host and the pathogen. As a part of host innate immunity and adaptive immune response, pathogen infection is neutralized by miRNAs by regulating the recognition of the pathogen, the defense against it, and its clearance. At the same time, miRNAs can inhibit the host immune response and induce host infection by enhancing the invasion of pathogens, moderating the virulence of pathogens, and aiding their immune escape