Fig. 3

PPI network and enrichment analysis. a PPI constructed by GeneMANIA; COX19 and COX4I2 are at the core of this network. b, c Volcano map of differentially expressed genes after altered COX19 (b) and COX4I2 (c) levels. Red indicates upregulation, blue indicates downregulation. Data on the abscissa are differences in gene expression (log2 fold change); data on the ordinate represent the significance of these differences (− log10 Padj). d GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of COX19 and COX4I2. Each row represents 1 cluster; colors indicate significance, and gray color indicates non-significance. Heatmap showing the top 20 clusters correlated with COX19 and COX4I2. e Network of COX4I2 and genes significantly correlated with its expression. Darker colors and larger sizes indicate higher degrees of correlation. f The significantly enriched terms in GO analysis. g The significantly enriched terms in KEGG analysis. h The hub module with the highest scores analyzed by MCODE. i GO enrichment analysis of the module. j GSEA of COX4I2. k Correlation coefficient matrix of COX4I2 and proteins of the FGF gene family. l Correlation between COX4I2 and FGF1 expression. m Analysis of the correlation between the serum COX4I2 and serum FGF1 in the patients (n = 30) based on the comparison between the two groups. n, o Correlation of COX4I2 levels with CAFs, from TIMER using the algorithms MCPCOUNTER (n) and EPIC (o). MCODE Molecular Complex Detection; for other Abbreviations, see Abbreviation list