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Fig. 3 | Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters

Fig. 3

From: Insight into the physiological and pathological roles of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway in glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, and diabetes development

Fig. 3

Pathological role of AhR/CYP1A1 in the liver: AhR activation effects on the liver and subsequent impact on the development of T2DM. Activation of AhR in the liver initiates model crosstalk between AhR, PPAR-α signaling, circadian clock dysfunction, and several key regulatory pathways. AhR activation results in a decrease in PPAR-α levels, which further impacts β-oxidation. This is accompanied by decreased expression levels of PEPCK and G6Pase, known for regulating hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Moreover, since PPAR-α also exhibits circadian variation, it influences CLOCK and BMAL1 levels, altering glucose tolerance and disrupting the regulation of specific metabolism genes. AhR has also been shown to control the expression of the TSP-1 protein, an antiangiogenic and proatherogenic protein involved in development of several vascular diabetic complications. Since many molecular pathways are regulated by AhR activation in the liver, these effects may implicate a subsequent impact on the development of T2DM. Created by bioRender.com

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