Fig. 5
Fenofibrate induces metabolic stress in PC-3_DCX20 cells in the absence of Warburg effect. A Proliferation of DCX/FF-treated PC-3 WT and PC-3_DCX20 cells calculated with Coulter counter. B NAD(P)H (left) and ATP contents (right) in DCX/FF-treated PC-3 WT and PC-3_DCX20 cells (calculated per 105 cells as percentage of control). C Drug-efflux efficiency in DCX/FF-treated PC-3 WT and PC-3_DCX20 cells estimated with calcein efflux assay D, E Metabolic profile of DCX/FF-treated PC-3 WT and PC-3_DCX20 estimated by Seahorse analyzer after 24 h (D) and 48 h (E). The statistical significance of the differences was tested with Student’s t-test; #P ≤ 0.05 versus untreated control (of particular respiration mode in D and E); *P ≤ 0.05 as indicated in the charts or versus indicated values counted as the sum of mitoATP and glycoATP in D and E. All results are representative of at least three independent experiments (N ≥ 3). Error bars represent SEM. Note the higher OXPHOS intensity and ATP/MDR levels in DCX/FF-treated PC-3_DCX20 cells