Fig. 8
From: A therapeutic target for CKD: activin A facilitates TGFβ1 profibrotic signaling
A schematic representation showing ActA-stimulated Smad3 and MRTF-A signaling converge to enable sustained TGFβ1 profibrotic responses. ActA regulation of TRII and actA receptors, as well as ongoing actA receptor responsiveness to its ligand in contrast to the refractoriness of TGFβ1 receptors to TGFβ1, are important in maintaining profibrotic TGFβ1 signaling. Neutralization of actA attenuates TGFβ1-induced fibrosis