Fig. 1

Mechanisms of ASC-mediated regulation in hematopoiesis. The secretion of a variety of cytokines and chemokines is believed to be the main mechanism by which ASCs regulate hematopoiesis. The molecules secreted by ASCs (e.g. SCF, SDF-1, etc.) can bind to the receptors on HSCs. The secretion of EVs is another possible mechanism. The signaling molecules inside the lipid bilayer contribute to intercellular communication. ECM mediates cell adhesion and signal transduction. The soluble and cell-surface proteins expressed by ASCs are thought to be involved in ECM remodeling. Several signal pathways can be activated when HSCs are exposed to ASCs, by which ASCs regulate self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of HSCs