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Table 2 Comparison of different isolation methods

From: Advances in the application of mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, biomimetic materials, and 3D printing in osteoporosis treatment

Isolation method

Advantage

Drawbacks

Ultracentrifugation

Gold standard

High cost, time-consuming

Polymeric precipitation

Easy to operate, short completion time

Low sample volumes

Immunoaffinity capture

Good enrichment, high purity

High operational complexities