Fig. 3

Parecoxib-induced variation in mechanism of cell cycle arrest and inhibition of proliferation, invasion, and migration in ESCC cells. A Levels of pAKT(S473) and pPDK1 were decreased after treatment with parecoxib, in the absence of changes in total protein expression of PDK1/AKT by western blotting. B The variation of critical regulatory proteins for the transition from G2 to M phase was detected by western blotting. Mutant p53, cyclin B1, and CDK1 were decreased, while p21waf1 was increased. C, D Parecoxib suppressed ECM degradation of ESCC cells by the inhibition of MMP2 secretion (C) and invadopodia formation (D). Images represented three independent experiments. Data are mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. The data are shown in Additional file 1: Fig. S1. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001