CRISPR/Cas9 application in cancer therapy: a pioneering genome editing tool

Table 1 Cas9 variants

Variant	PAM sequence (5′–3′)	Utilization	Ref.
SpCas9	NGG	Multiplex genome editing in mammalian cells	[265]
SpCas9-VRER	NGCG	Editing previously inaccessible sites in zebrafish embryos as well as human cells	[269]
SaCas9	NNGRRT	More efficient genome edition by the AAV-SaCas9-gRNA vector system	[270]
CjCas9	NNNVRYM	In vivo genome edition within muscles of dystrophin KO mice	[271]
SpCas9-NG	NG	More efficient and accurate genome edition in mouse zygotes and also somatic culture cells	[272]
evoCas9	NGG	Restricting unspecific cleavage of a difficult-to-discriminate off-target region and fully perturbing the cleavage of two additional off-targets	[273]
xCas9–3.7	NG, GAA, GAT	Base replacement of C.G → T.A and A.T → G.C for pathogenic mutation sites	[274]
SpRY	NA	Exact editing extending to almost the whole genome	[275]

Pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9), Small Cas9 ortholog from Staphylococcus aureus (SaCas9), Campylobacter jejuni Cas9 (CjCas9), adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors, protospacer adjacent motif (PAM), Not applicable (NA)

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