Osteoporosis pathogenesis and treatment: existing and emerging avenues

Table 1 The effects of microRNAs (miRNAs) on the activity of bone cells

MicroRNA	Targets	Cell activity	Experimental models	References
miR-31, miR-103-3p, miR-133, miR135a-5p, miR-203a, miR-375, miR-29b-3p	Runx2	Inhibit osteoblast activity	Serum, cell	[77,78,79, 83, 100, 101]
miR-9-5p, miR-124, miR-203a-3p	Wnt/β-catenin		Serum, cell	[81,82,83]
miR-100	BMP/Smads		Serum, cell	[84]
miR-542-3p, miR-543	PI3K/AKT		Serum, cell, rats	[102, 103]
miR-194, miR-874	Runx2	Promote osteoblast activity	Serum, cell, rats	[85, 86]
miR-96	Wnt/β-catenin		Serum, cell, mice	[87]
miR-216a	BMP/Smads		Serum, cell	[104]
miR-216a	PI3K/AKT		Serum, cell	[104]
miR-21, miR-183, miR-155	RANKL	Promote osteoclast activity	Serum, cell, mice	[89,90,91, 105]
miR-21, miR-148a, miR-214	PI3K/AKT		Serum, cell, mice	[92, 93]
miR-155	TNF-a, IL-1		Serum, cell	[91]
miR-17, miR-29, miR-503	RANKL	Inhibit osteoclast activity	Serum, cell, mice	[94,95,96]
miR-124	NFATc1	Inhibit osteoclast activity	Serum, cell	[105]
miR-200a-3p, miR-449b-5p, miR-579-3p	Runx2, CXCR, SLC, SIRT1	Inhibit MSC osteogenic differentiation	Serum, cell	[97,98,99]
miR-15b, miR-29b	Smads, PI3K/AKT	Promote MSC osteogenic differentiation	Serum, cell	[98]

ISSN: 1689-1392