Fig. 5

Effect of melatonin pretreatment on oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial function, and the AMPK/ACC signaling pathway in septic mice. a Representative photographs of DHE staining. b Quantitative analysis of DHE staining. c–f Representative western blot protein bands of Nrf2, HO-1, CHOP, GRP78, ATF6, p-PERK, PERK, TFAM, UCP2, NRF1, COXIV, SDH5, p-AMPK, AMPK, p-ACC, and ACC. g–j Quantitative analysis of western blot by normalizing to GAPDH. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001, ^****P < 0.0001 versus sham or versus CLP; ns, nonsignificant. n = 6 for each group. Statistical analysis of data was performed using ANOVA