Fig. 1

Enhanced LRP6 expression in force-induced PDLSCs and PDL tissues. a Diagram of the in vitro cell tension-loading system. b The protein expression of LRP6 and P-LRP6 in PDLSCs during CSS loading. c The mRNA expression of LRP6 in PDLSCs during CSS loading. d The ratio of the protein levels of P-LRP6/total LRP6 in PDLSCs during CSS loading. e, f Immunofluorescence and semi-quantitative analysis of LRP6 expression under CSS for 24 h. Scale bar, 50 μm. g Representative occlusal view and micro-computed tomography of OTM for 3, 7, and 14 days (F 3 d, F 7 d, F 14 d, N = 5). The arrow represents the direction of force loading. h Quantitative analysis of the change in the distance of OTM. N = 5. i, j Immunofluorescence and semi-quantitative analysis of LRP6 expression in the periodontium during mechanical force application. N = 5. Ab, alveolar bone; P, periodontal tissue; R, root. Dotted lines mark the boundary of the PDL. Scale bar, 50 μm. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. N.S., no significance. Results are presented as mean ± SD of triplicated experiments