Fig. 4

Disrupted F-actin dynamics suppressed osteogenic commitment in force-induced PDLSCs. a, b Immunofluorescence and semi-quantitative analysis of β-Actin expression in the periodontium during mechanical force application. N = 5. Ab, alveolar bone; P, periodontal tissue; R, root. Dotted lines mark the boundary of the PDL. Scale bar, 50 μm. c The mRNA expression of ACTB in PDLSCs during CSS loading. d, e The protein expression of β-Actin in PDLSCs during CSS loading. f The protein expression of ALP, RUNX2, OSX, and PCNA in the DMSO and Cyto D + DMSO groups after stretching for 24 h. g The mRNA expression of ALPL, RUNX2, OSX, and PCNA in the DMSO and Cyto D + DMSO groups after stretching for 24 h. h Immunofluorescence and semi-quantitative analysis of Ki67⁺ cells in the DMSO and Cyto D + DMSO groups after stretching for 24 h. Scale bar, 50 μm. i ALP staining in the DMSO and Cyto D + DMSO groups after stretching for 24 h. Scale bar, 200 μm. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. N.S., no significance. Results are presented as mean ± SD of triplicated experiments