Fig. 7
From: A therapeutic target for CKD: activin A facilitates TGFβ1 profibrotic signaling
Augmented fibrosis in UUO by TGFβ1 overexpression is attenuated by actA neutralization. TGFβ1 overexpression worsened UUO-induced fibrosis as assessed by a Trichrome and b PSR. Both were attenuated by actA neutralization. c TGFβ1 overexpression augmented UUO-induced expression of the fibroblast marker αSMA, which was attenuated by actA inhibition. d Nuclear levels of phosphorylated Smad3 were also augmented by TGFβ1 overexpression after UUO and this was inhibited by actA neutralization (n = 6–9) *, **, ***, ****P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001; one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons post hoc tests