Fig. 3
Intrinsic TGF-β signal controls immunological molecules and myokine expression in cultured primary myotubes. A Representative immunofluorescence staining for desmin, myogenin, eMHC, and TGF-βr2 in SM TGF-βr2−/− mice-derived MPC-myotubes (MPCs) that received pro-inflammatory stimuli or not. B, C Western blot analysis of the protein expression of p-Smad2/3, H-2Kb, H2-Eα, and TLR3 in MPC-myotubes that received pro-inflammatory stimuli or not. D Luminex assay of protein level changes for pro-inflammatory myokines in control or SM TGF-βr2−/− mice-derived MPC-myotubes exposed to inflammatory milieu or not. Before creating the heat map, log transformation was used to process the data and plot in R language. The relative protein levels are expressed as a ratio (protein of interest/GAPDH). All data are presented as means ± SD (n = 3 replicates). One-way ANOVA was used for multiple comparisons (**P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001). Bar = 50 μm