Fig. 8

TGF-β signaling inhibits immunological characteristics of myofibers through activating the IRE1α pathway. Western blot analyses of the expression changes of Smad pathway proteins, IRE1α and PERK pathway proteins, and immunological molecules in MPC-myotubes isolated from SM TGF-βr2^−/− mice, with or without 48 h stimulation of IFN-γ/LPS and/or SRI (A); 24 or 48 h stimulation of IFN-γ/LPS, SRI, 4-PBA, 4μ8C (IRE1α pathway inhibitor) or GSK (PERK pathway inhibitor) (B, D). The relative protein expression values are expressed as a ratio [protein of interest/GAPDH or phosphorylated (P) protein/total (T) protein]. C mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1 in MPC-myotubes isolated from SM TGF-βr2^−/− mice, with or without 48 h stimulation of IFN-γ/LPS, SRI and/or 4-PBA,analyzed by qPCR. All data are presented as means ± SD (n = 3). A one-way ANOVA was used for multiple comparisons (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01)