Fig. 4

Microglia M1 polarization regulated by BMEC exosomes reduces neuronal survival. A The proliferation of neurons was analyzed by MTS. The survival rate as a percentage of the OD value of the other groups and the OD value of the no-treatment group. B The apoptotic rate of neurons was shown. C After co-culture with microglia, neuron apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit. Apoptosis representative images are shown. D Diagram of mechanism. Differences were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by post-hoc Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. *p < 0.05