Fig. 2

Expression profile of Notch receptors in cerebral AVM nidal vessels. A Scatter plots with bar diagrams of mRNA fold changes of Notch 1–4 receptors in 18 human cAVM nidi and 15 control brain tissues. GAPDH was taken as the endogenous control for quantification. B Representative photomicrographs of immunostaining illustrate that Notch intracellular domain (NICD) proteins NICD3 and NICD4 are overexpressed in cAVM compared with control brain vasculature (scale bar 100 µM, magnification ×20). C Semiquantitative histoscore analysis shows significant overexpression of NICD3 and NICD4 proteins in cAVMs. D Representative western blot of NICD3 protein expressed in three cerebral AVM nidi and three control tissues. GAPDH was considered as the loading control. Lanes 1–3: cAVM nidus, and lanes 4–6: control tissues. Values are mean ± SD. *p < 0.05 versus control tissue, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. ns not significant