Fig. 2

Effects of melatonin and erastin on autophagy and apoptosis of SCC-15 cells. SCC-15 cells were treated with melatonin (2 mM), erastin (5 μM), and their combination for 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h. The protein expression levels of SQSTM1/p62 and LC3A/B were measured (A). Flow cytometry (B) and comet assay (D) were conducted (Additional file 1: Figure S2). C and E Quantitative data from three independent experiments are shown in the right panels, respectively. The protein expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and PARP1 were tested (E). ns not significant, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Scale bars: 100 nm