Fig. 4

Mechanical force stimulated mitochondrial fission. A The MMP in PDLSCs after 0 h and 24 h of stretching, visualized by TMRM staining. Scale bar = 100 μm. B The morphology of mitochondria in PDLSCs after 0 h and 24 h of stretching visualized by TEM. The number and the average size of mitochondria in PDLSCs after 0 h and 24 h of stretching. Red arrow: mitochondria. Scale bar = 1 μm. C The protein level of DRP1 and MFN2 in PDLSCs after being stretched for 0, 6, 12, and 24 h. D The subcellular localization of DRP1 and mitochondria in PDLSCs stretched for 0 h and 24 h visualized by cell immunofluorescence staining. Scale bar = 100 μm. E The subcellular localization of DRP1 and mitochondria in murine periodontal ligament tissues stretched for 0 d and 1 d visualized by cell immunofluorescence staining. Scale bar = 10 μm. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. ns no significance