Fig. 6

The oxidative pattern altered by mechanical force was restored after the cessation of mechanical force. A The morphology of mitochondria in PDLSCs stretched for 24 h and then had the force-loading ceased for 24 h visualized by TEM. Red arrow: mitochondria. Scale bar = 1 μm. B The MMP in non-stretched, stretched for 24 h, and rescued for 24 h PDLSCs visualized by TMRM staining. Scale bar = 100 μm. C The protein level of LDH and COX4 in PDLSCs rescued for 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h after stretching for 24 h. D The level of lactic acid in PDLSCs ceased the force-loading for 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h after stretching for 24 h. E The level of ROS in non-stretched, stretched for 24 h, and rescued for 24 h of PDLSCs. Scale bar = 100 μm. F The expression of LDH and COX4 in the periodontal ligament of Wistar rats after 7, 14, and 21 days of tooth movement visualized by immunohistochemical staining. Scale bar = 100 μm. B: alveolar bone, PL: periodontal ligament, T: tooth. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. ns no significance