Fig. 8

Schematic illustration of the mechanism of action of HK010. HK010 simultaneously binds to PD-L1 expressed on tumor cells and 4-1BB expressed on T lymphocytes and results in the blockage of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction and clustering of 4-1BB molecules on the surface of T lymphocytes, which induces the activation of the NF-kB and NFAT signaling pathways and the differentiation expansion of T effector cells, T memory cells, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), and thus effectively and specifically promotes the death of tumor cells