Fig. 1

Canonical activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. The NLRP3 inflammasome comprises NLRP3 protein, ASC, and pro-caspase-1. The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome includes both canonical and noncanonical methods. Multiple mechanisms activate the inflammasome, such as P2X7 channel-mediated K⁺ efflux, mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondria active oxygen species (mtROS) release, lysosomal disruption, and subsequent cathepsin B release