Fig. 2

HOPE alleviates hepatic ER stress in a rat model of DCD. A–C Western blotting and statistical analyses of BIP, CHOP, ATF6, ATF4, IRE1, p-IRE1, XBP-1s, and β-actin proteins (n = 3 for each group). p-IRE1 indicates phospho-IRE1. D IF staining of BIP and CHOP proteins in rat liver tissues (n = 6 for each group). Scale = 100 μm. E The microstructure of hepatocytes as observed by TEM (n = 3 for each group). The red arrow indicates the ER, and the blue arrow indicates the mitochondria. Scale = 500 nm. ^*p < 0.05 and ^**p < 0.01