Table 3 MiRNAs known to involve in MSC-derived exosome-based osteoarthritis therapies

miR-22

PPAR-α, BMP-7

Protect cartilage degradation by suppressing PPAR-α and BMP-7 expression, thus significantly decreasing MMP-13 expression

[104]

miR-23

PKA

Enhance chondrogenesis via PKA signaling

[105]

miR-92a

Noggin3

Enhance chondrocyte proliferation and ECM matrix synthesis via targeting noggin3 to activate PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and suppress cartilage degradation

[106]

miR-92a-3p

WNT5A

Induce cartilage tissue regeneration and prevent osteoarthritis

[90]

miR-95-5p

HDAC2/8

Promote cartilage regeneration and attenuate OA progression

[107]

miR-125b and miR-320

ADAMTS-4 (aggrecanase-1) and MMP-13

Prevent extracellular matrix degradation via downregulating the expression of ADAMTS-4 (aggrecanase-1) and MMP-13

[108, 109]

miR-140

RALA

Target RALA and stimulate ECM production by increasing SOX9 expression, which further promotes the production of cartilage matrix components by downregulating RALA

[110]

miR-140-5p

Wnt and YAP

Enhance proliferation and migration of articular chondrocytes

[111]

miR-320c

MMP13

Promote chondrocyte proliferation and cartilage homeostasis

[112]