Macrophage-driven cardiac inflammation and healing: insights from homeostasis and myocardial infarction

Table 1 Major subpopulations of macrophages involved in steady state and myocardial infarction

Clusters	Origin	Gene transcripts	Lifecycle	Phenotype activity
Cardiac resident macrophages
Timd4⁺MHC-II^loCCR2⁻	Embryonic development	Timd4, Lyve1, Folr2, Mrc1, cd163, F13a1, Igf1	In situ proliferation	• Homeostasis • Endocytosis • Angiogenesis • Lymphatic development
Timd4⁻MHC-II^hiCCR2⁻	Embryonic development	Cd14, Cx3cr1, Mmp-12, IL1b, H2-Eb1	In situ proliferation & monocyte replenishment	• Hemostasis • Antigen presentation
Timd4⁻MHC-II^hiCCR2⁺	Peripheral circulation	Ccr2, IL1b, H2-Eb1, H2-Aa, Cd74	Monocyte replenishment	• Classical pro-inflammatory pathways • Post-MI chemotaxis
Monocytes
Timd4⁻MHC-II^loCCR2⁺	Peripheral circulation	Unknown	Monocyte infiltration	• CCR2⁺ macrophage replenishment

Timd4 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 4, MHC-II major histocompatibility complex II, CCR2 C–C chemokine motif receptor 2, Lyve1 lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor 1, Folr2 folate binding protein-2 receptor, Mrc1 mannose receptor C-type 1, F13a1 coagulation factor 13 subunit A, Igf1 insulin-like growth factor 1, Cx3cr1 C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1, Mmp-12 matrix metalloproteinase 12, IL1b interleukin-1 beta, H2-Eb1 histocompatibility 2 class II antigen E beta, H2-Aa histocompatibility 2 class II antigen A alpha, MI myocardial infarction

ISSN: 1689-1392