Fig. 1
From: Cellular senescence in skeletal disease: mechanisms and treatment
Strategies targeting cellular senescence in osteoporosis. Senescent MSCs (red arrows) can inhibit the osteogenic differentiation and promote adipogenic differentiation of physiologic MSCs. Senescent macrophages (red arrows) can enhance osteoclast activity. Senescent osteocytes secrete high levels of RANKL to promote osteoclast activity leading to increased bone loss. A common feature of SnCs is the development of SASP. "Senolytics" and "senomophics" (yellow arrows) are necessary to counteract the adverse effects of SnCs by killing SnCs and inhibiting SASP secreted by senescent cells, respectively