Fig. 1

Expression of periostin in patients with DCM, diabetic mice and HG-exposed CF. A A mouse cytokine antibody array showing the cytokine protein changes in heart tissues from control or diabetic mice. B Serum periostin levels in healthy participates, diabetic patients with normal cardiac function, and diabetic patients with heart failure. C Negative correlations between periostin levels and EF. D ROC curve for the diagnostic performance of serum priostin between healthy participants and DCM patients. E ROC curve for the diagnostic performance of serum priostin between diabetic patients with normal cardiac function and DCM patients. F Serum periostin levels in control and diabetic mice. G Relative mRNA level of periostin in the hearts from control and diabetic mice. H Cardiac periostin levels in control and diabetic mice using ELISA. I Representative blots and quantitation of periostin protein in control and diabetic mice. J Immunofluorescence showing the periostin expression in control and diabetic mice. K Cardiac periostin mRNA level in isolated cardiomyocytes (CM), cardiac endothelial cells (EC), and cardiac fibroblasts (CF) from control and diabetic mice. L Tabula Muris database showing the distribution of periostin different cells within the hearts. M Relative mRNA level of periostin in CF exposed to NG or HG. N The protein level of periostin in CF exposed to NG or HG using ELISA. O The protein level of periostin in CF exposed to NG or HG using western blot. P Immunofluorescence showing the periostin expression in CF exposed to NG or HG. n = 4–6. *P < 0.05 versus Control (Con) or normal glucose (NG). Differences between groups were assessed with ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test (B). The statistical significance of correlations was assessed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis (C). The P-value was calculated by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test (F-K)