Fig. 4

Characteristics of tissue layers of the antler growth center and isolated RM cells. A Immunofluorescence assay of CD73, CD90, Nestin, CD34, and Prrx1 (red color) in the RM, PC, and CA layers, respectively. B Third passage of cultured cells from the RM layer were identified using mesenchymal stem cell markers: CD73 and CD90 (red), Nestin and CD34 (green), respectively; nuclei were stained blue with DAPI. C Chondrogenic differentiation of RM cells, Alcian blue, and Col II immunofluorescence staining. D Osteogenic differentiation of RM cells with Alizarin red staining. E Adipogenic differentiation of RM cells with Oil Red O staining (scale bars, 125 μm and magnification ×200)