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Plant dehydrins — Tissue location, structure and function

Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters volume 11, pages 536–556 (2006)Cite this article

An Erratum to this article was published on 01 March 2007

Abstract

Dehydrins (DHNs) are part of a large group of highly hydrophilic proteins known as LEA (Late Embryogenesis Abundant). They were originally identified as group II of the LEA proteins. The distinctive feature of all DHNs is a conserved, lysine-rich 15-amino acid domain, EKKGIMDKIKEKLPG, named the K-segment. It is usually present near the C-terminus. Other typical dehydrin features are: a track of Ser residues (the S-segment); a consensus motif, T/VDEYGNP (the Y-segment), located near the N-terminus; and less conserved regions, usually rich in polar amino acids (the Φ-segments). They do not display a well-defined secondary structure. The number and order of the Y-, S-and K-segments define different DHN sub-classes: YnSKn, YnKn, SKn, Kn and KnS. Dehydrins are distributed in a wide range of organisms including the higher plants, algae, yeast and cyanobacteria. They accumulate late in embryogenesis, and in nearly all the vegetative tissues during normal growth conditions and in response to stress leading to cellular dehydration (e.g. drought, low temperature and salinity). DHNs are localized in different cell compartments, such as the cytosol, nucleus, mitochondria, vacuole, and the vicinity of the plasma membrane; however, they are primarily localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus. The precise function of dehydrins has not been established yet, but in vitro experiments revealed that some DHNs (YSKn-type) bind to lipid vesicles that contain acidic phospholipids, and others (KnS) were shown to bind metals and have the ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals [Asghar, R. et al. Protoplasma 177 (1994) 87–94], protect lipid membranes against peroxidation or display cryoprotective activity towards freezing-sensitive enzymes. The SKn-and K-type seem to be directly involved in cold acclimation processes. The main question arising from the in vitro findings is whether each DHN structural type could possess a specific function and tissue distribution. Much recent in vitro data clearly indicates that dehydrins belonging to different subclasses exhibit distinct functions.

Abbreviations

DHNs:

dehydrins

Kn-type:

dehydrins containing n-copies of K-segments

KnS-type:

dehydrins containing n-copies of K-segments followed a single copy of S-segment

LEA:

late embryogenesis abundant

SKn-type:

dehydrins containing a single copy of S-segment followed by n-copies of K-segments

YnKn-type:

dehydrins containing n-copies of Y-segments followed by n-copies of K-segments

YnSKn-type:

dehydrins containing n-copies of Y-segments followed a single copy of S-segment and n-copies of K-segments

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  1. Institute of Plant Genetics, PAS, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479, Poznań, Poland

    Tadeusz Rorat

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An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11658-006-0071-x.

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Rorat, T. Plant dehydrins — Tissue location, structure and function. Cell Mol Biol Lett 11, 536–556 (2006). https://doi.org/10.2478/s11658-006-0044-0

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Key words

  • Dehydration stress
  • Drought
  • Cold acclimation
  • Freezing tolerance
  • LEA proteins
  • Dehydrin

Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters

ISSN: 1689-1392

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