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Evaluation of the potential of alkylresorcinols as superoxide anion scavengers and sox-regulon modulators using nitroblue tetrazolium and bioluminescent cell-based assays

Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters (2014)Cite this article

Abstract

The antioxidant activities of five alkylresorcinol (AR) homologs with alkyl chains of 1, 3, 5 6 and 12 carbon atoms were studied using molecular and cellular assays for superoxide anions (\(O_2 ^{. - } \)). The effect of ARs as superoxide anion scavengers was assessed using the photochemical reaction of spontaneous photo-reduced flavin re-oxidation. In this system, ARs reaction with \(O_2 ^{. - } \) produced dye derivatives, as C6- and C12-AR prevented the \(O_2 ^{. - } \)-induced conversion of nitroblue tetrazolium into formazan in AR-containing mixtures. The influence of ARs on soxS gene expression and bacterial cell viability was studied with the luminescent Escherichia coli K12 MG1655 psoxS’::luxCDABE-AmpR strain, showing low basal light emission. This increased significantly during paraquatinduced oxidative stress as a consequence of the simultaneous transcription of soxS-gene and lux-gene fusion. ARs with alkyl chains containing 5–12 carbon atoms at concentrations of 0.1–1.0 μM weakly induced soxS-gene expression, whereas 1–10 mM repressed it. This respectively increased or decreased the bacterial cell resistance to \(O_2 ^{. - } \)-related oxidative stress. AR derivatives lost their protective activity from reactions with superoxide anions, which required increased soxS gene expression for cell viability. These results show the dual nature of ARs, which possess direct antioxidant properties and the ability to indirectly regulate the activity of cellular antioxidative defense mechanisms.

Abbreviations

A:

absorbance

AR:

alkylresorcinol

C1-AR:

methylbenzenediol

C3-AR:

propylbenzenediol

C5-AR:

pentylbenzenediol

C6-AR:

hexylbenzenediol

C12-AR:

dodecylbenzenediol

CFU:

colony-forming units

Eh:

redox potential

Fz:

formazan

NBT:

nitroblue tetrazolium

\(O_2 ^{. - } \) :

superoxide anion

OD:

optical density

RLU:

relative light units

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

PQ:

paraquat

SOD:

superoxide dismutase

TEMED:

tetramethylethanediamine

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Orenburg State University, Pobedy Avenue 13, Orenburg, 460018, Russia

    Irina V. Gryazeva, Olga K. Davydova & Dmitrii G. Deryabin

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  1. Irina V. Gryazeva
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  2. Olga K. Davydova
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  3. Dmitrii G. Deryabin
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Gryazeva, I.V., Davydova, O.K. & Deryabin, D.G. Evaluation of the potential of alkylresorcinols as superoxide anion scavengers and sox-regulon modulators using nitroblue tetrazolium and bioluminescent cell-based assays. Cell Mol Biol Lett (2014). https://doi.org/10.2478/s11658-014-0222-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11658-014-0222-4

Keywords

  • Alkylresorcinols
  • Reactive oxygen species
  • Superoxide anion
  • soxS gene
  • Reporter luxCDABE gene
  • Bioluminescence

Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters

ISSN: 1689-1392

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